Paperback Edition
Paperback
244 pages
$25.95
Choose vendor to order paperback edition
BrownWalker Press Amazon.com Barnes & Noble Harvard Book Store Return policy
PDF eBook
Sample Preview
Size 235k
Free
Download a sample of the first 25 pages
Download Preview

Entire PDF eBook
1048k
$15
Get instant access to an entire eBook
Buy PDF Password Download Complete PDF
eBook editions

Differential Use of Reactive Tokens in Japanese In Turn Management and by Gender

by Kiyomi Tanaka
small book icon  Paperback   small ebook icon   eBook PDF
Publisher:  Dissertation
Pub date:  2007
Pages:  244
ISBN-10:  158112354X
ISBN-13:  9781581123548
Categories:  Education  Education  Language Arts & Disciplines

Abstract

This study investigated the distribution of Reactive Tokens in natural conversation by male and female speakers of Japanese. According to Clancy et al. a reactive token (RT) is “a short utterance produced by an interlocutor who is playing a listener’s role during the other interlocutor’s speakership” (1996, p. 355). Clancy et al. classify RTs into five types: backchannels, reactive expressions, collaborative finishes, repetitions, and resumptive openers. This study investigated the distribution of these five types of RTs. In particular, it studied their use in turn management and their distribution by gender. To identify the distribution of the five types of RTs more clearly, all five types of Reactive Tokens were divided into two levels: those that occurred at the boundary of a Pause-bounded Phrasal Unit (PPU) and those that occurred within a PPU.
The participants in this study were 82 pairs of native speakers of Japanese: 82 female and 82 male native speakers of Japanese between 18 and 22 years of age. All pairs consisted of classmates or friends in the same university.
Participants were audiotaped during 20 minutes of natural conversation. Six minutes from each conversation were extracted, and RTs were identified and coded using WaveSurfer (Sjölander & Beskow, 2000). Frequencies of RTs per minute were then calculated for each participant.
Using principal components analysis, three coherent components were identified among the ten categories (five RT types each at two different levels). These three components were labeled sequential RTs, accompanying RTs, and repetitive RTs. Also, MANOVA and ANOVA revealed significant differences between Japanese male and female RT use, with females using more accompanying RTs than males.
These findings suggest that different types of Reactive Tokens serve different turn-taking functions in Japanese, and that factors besides language, such as gender, may affect a speaker’s choice of a particular type of Reactive Token.



Paperback Edition
Paperback
244 pages
$25.95
Choose vendor to order paperback edition
BrownWalker Press Amazon.com Barnes & Noble Harvard Book Store Return policy
PDF eBook
Sample Preview
Size 235k
Free
Download a sample of the first 25 pages
Download Preview

Entire PDF eBook
1048k
$15
Get instant access to an entire eBook
Buy PDF Password Download Complete PDF
eBook editions
Share this book



Relevant events
JUN
18
FOE 2026 | The Future of Education 16th Edition, International Conference The 16th Edition of the International Conference The Future of Education will take place on: 17 June 2026 | Online Event 18-19 June 2026 | in Florence (Italy) The event brings together educators, researchers, practit...
FOE 2026 | The Future of Education 16th Edition, International Conference The 16th Edition of the International Conference The Future of Education will take place on: 17 June 2026 | Online Event 18-19 June 2026 | in Flo...
FOE 2026 | The Future of Education 16th Edition, International Conference The 16th Edition of the International Conference The Future of Education ...
FOE 2026 | The Future of Education 16th Edition, International Conference The 16th Edition of the International Conference...
18 - 19 Jun 2026
Florence, Italy
SEP
21
BIOTECHVISION
BioTechVision 2026 – International Summit on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology We are delighted to welcome you to all researchers, scientists, academicians, engineers, and professionals to attend BioTechVision 2026 – International Summit on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, scheduled for Sept...
BioTechVision 2026 – International Summit on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology We are delighted to welcome you to all researchers, scientists, academicians, engineers, and professionals to attend BioTechVision 2026 – Internati...
BioTechVision 2026 – International Summit on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology We are delighted to welcome you to all researchers, scientists, academici...
21 - 23 Sep 2026
Barcelona,, Spain
NOV
6
ILL 2025
ILL 2025 | Innovation in Language Learning 18th Edition - International Conference The 18th Edition of the International Conference Innovation in Language Learning takes place: on 5 November 2025 | Online Event on 6-7 November 2025 | in Florence (Italy) The Conference brings together teachers, re...
ILL 2025 | Innovation in Language Learning 18th Edition - International Conference The 18th Edition of the International Conference Innovation in Language Learning takes place: on 5 November 2025 | Online Event on 6-7 November...
ILL 2025 | Innovation in Language Learning 18th Edition - International Conference The 18th Edition of the International Conference Innovation in Language L...
06 - 07 Nov 2025
Florence, Italy
NOV
7
ICETM 2025
The 8th International Conference on Educational Technology Management (ICETM 2025) Publication: Submitted papers will be peer reviewed by program committees and technical committee, and accepted papers will be published into conference proceedings by IEEE after registration and presentation. The proceed...
The 8th International Conference on Educational Technology Management (ICETM 2025) Publication: Submitted papers will be peer reviewed by program committees and technical committee, and accepted papers will be published into conf...
The 8th International Conference on Educational Technology Management (ICETM 2025) Publication: Submitted papers will be peer reviewed by program committee...
07 - 09 Nov 2025
Guangzhou, China
NOV
7
ICATE
10th International Conference on Advanced Research in Teaching and Education Explore new discoveries and methods in the world of teaching and academia at ICATE 2025. At this global education conference, we will bring together different disciplines of research and education, engage in discussions ab...
10th International Conference on Advanced Research in Teaching and Education Explore new discoveries and methods in the world of teaching and academia at ICATE 2025. At this global education conference, we will bring togethe...
10th International Conference on Advanced Research in Teaching and Education Explore new discoveries and methods in the world of teaching and academia...
10th International Conference on Advanced Research in Teaching and Education Explore new discoveries and methods in the world...
07 - 09 Nov 2025
Bangkok, Thailand
NOV
7
10T ICRECONF
10th International Conference on Research in Education Join the 10th International Conference on Research in Education, taking place from November 07-09, 2025, in Munich, Germany. This premier education conference 2025 brings together academia, researchers, and scholars from a...
10th International Conference on Research in Education Join the 10th International Conference on Research in Education, taking place from November 07-09, 2025, in Munich, Germany. This premier education...
10th International Conference on Research in Education Join the 10th International Conference on Research in Education, taking p...
10th International Conference on Research in Education Join the 10th International Conference on Resear...
07 - 09 Nov 2025
Munich, Germany
NOV
8
50
6th International Conference on Big Data, IOT and Blockchain (BIBC 2025) 6th International Conference on Big Data, IOT and Blockchain (BIBC 2025) November 08 ~ 09, 2025, Melbourne, Australia https://csen2025.org/bibc/index Scope & Topics 6th International Conference on Big Data, IOT and...
6th International Conference on Big Data, IOT and Blockchain (BIBC 2025) 6th International Conference on Big Data, IOT and Blockchain (BIBC 2025) November 08 ~ 09, 2025, Melbourne, Australia https://csen2025.org/bibc/i...
6th International Conference on Big Data, IOT and Blockchain (BIBC 2025) 6th International Conference on Big Data, IOT and Blockchain (BIBC 2025) ...
6th International Conference on Big Data, IOT and Blockchain (BIBC 2025) 6th International Conference on Big Data, IOT an...
08 - 09 Nov 2025
, Australia
NOV
8
AETS 2025
2025 5th Asia Education Technology Symposium (AETS 2025) Publication: All peer-reviewed papers accepted by AETS 2025 will be published as a volume of the Springer book series: Lecture Notes in Educational Technology, which will be indexed by Scopus, INSPEC, ACM Digital Library,...
2025 5th Asia Education Technology Symposium (AETS 2025) Publication: All peer-reviewed papers accepted by AETS 2025 will be published as a volume of the Springer book series: Lecture Notes in Educationa...
2025 5th Asia Education Technology Symposium (AETS 2025) Publication: All peer-reviewed papers accepted by AETS 2025 will be publ...
2025 5th Asia Education Technology Symposium (AETS 2025) Publication: All peer-reviewed papers accepted ...
08 - 10 Nov 2025
Macau, China
NOV
12
Student Success UK and IE 2025 Join us in Edinburgh for Student Success UK and IE 2025, an event focused on improving student outcomes through innovative pedagogical practices, support services and the data that underpins them. Designed for higher ed...
Student Success UK and IE 2025 Join us in Edinburgh for Student Success UK and IE 2025, an event focused on improving student outcomes through innovative pedagogical practices, s...
Student Success UK and IE 2025 Join us in Edinburgh for Student Success UK and IE 2025, an event focused...
Student Success UK and IE 2025 Join us in Edinburgh for Student Success UK and ...
12 - 13 Nov 2025
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
NOV
14
WORLDTE2025
9th World Conference on Research in Teaching and Education Date: 14-16 November Event Type: Conference Venue: London, UK About us: Be Part of the 9th World Conference on Research in Teaching and Education (WORLDTE 2025) Mark your calendars for November 14–16, 2025, as t...
9th World Conference on Research in Teaching and Education Date: 14-16 November Event Type: Conference Venue: London, UK About us: Be Part of the 9th World Conference on Research in Teaching and E...
9th World Conference on Research in Teaching and Education Date: 14-16 November Event Type: Conference Venue: London, UK About...
9th World Conference on Research in Teaching and Education Date: 14-16 November Event Type: Conference V...
14 - 16 Nov 2025
London, United Kingdom