Ever since Charles Darwin published The Origin of Species in 1859, genetic evolutionary theory has increasingly served as the foundation for fields that deal with organisms that arose by natural selection. This thesis argues that economic theory should integrate with Darwinian theory through the creation of a "genetic evolutionary economics". The promise of genetic evolutionary economics is a better understanding of human nature and, consequently, a more accurate and comprehensive economic science. Economic theory rests on a set of assumptions about human nature. These economic axioms concern human genes, but there is no explicit connection between genetic evolution and economic theory. As a result, human behavior and economic predictions of that behavior diverge in a va...

Most books about economics either focus granularly on extremely complex subject matter or conversely, provide a cursory overview of topics that require more in-depth review. Easy Essays on Economics was written to bridge the gap between the technical and simplistic explanations routinely found in economics books. Beginning with the history of economic thought in ancient times, Dr. Bennett explains the foundational elements of the social science of economics, presenting the economic explanations behind selected significant historical events of the past 200 years. He proceeds to discuss the origin of money, the Federal Reserve, and the banking system as it began and as it exists today. Additional topics covered include the theory of the firm and principal agent theories, the much-maligned...

This book reveals and discusses existing and potential problems derived from the transport economics domain in relation to their environment, and the social, political and economic impacts, with reference to a wide range of transport modes. It is suitable not only for academics or students, but also for people working in the transport industry. From this book, readers will learn how to apply economic principles to transport, drawing specifically upon a number of case studies of different areas of Great Britain. This book is particularly useful for those who are interested in the subject of transport economics, but may not have studied economics, statistics or mathematics. REVIEWS A useful collection of concepts on transport economics for all of us that work in the transport field, and ar...

Free market economics has made many advances during the past thirty years. These advances are due to the maturing of public choice theory and empirical studies, along with a resurgence of interest in Austrian economic themes like free banking, market process entrepreneurship, and the critique of socialism and interventionism. In addition, new avenues have opened in law and economics and regulatory studies which favor free market ideas. The purpose of this book is to introduce and summarize some of the important advances in contemporary free market economics and policy by introducing the key concepts of public choice, public policy, Austrian economics, and law and economics. This volume is a non-technical compendium of thought which incorporates long quotations from important scholars in e...

International Journal of Economics and Business Studies (IJEBS) ISSN 0974-3456 is a peer-reviewed journal, which is intended not only to promote the discussion of challenging economic and business issues at applied and policy levels but also to disseminate research information and knowledge in latest developments in business and economics. The main objective of IJEBS is to provide an intellectual platform for researchers, in which research in alternative paradigms for business and economic inquiry could be analysed and discussed. The journal provides opportunities for economists and business-related professionals in a global realm to publish their papers in one source. The International Journal of Economics and Business Studies is also intended to bring together academicians and profession...

International Journal of Economics and Business Studies (IJEBS) ISSN 0974-3456 is a peer-reviewed journal, which is intended not only to promote the discussion of challenging economic and business issues at applied and policy levels but also to disseminate research information and knowledge in latest developments in business and economics. The main objective of IJEBS is to provide an intellectual platform for researchers, in which research in alternative paradigms for business and economic inquiry could be analysed and discussed. The journal provides opportunities for economists and business-related professionals in a global realm to publish their papers in one source. The International Journal of Economics and Business Studies is also intended to bring together academicians and profession...

International Journal of Economics and Business Studies (IJEBS) ISSN 0974-3456 is a peer-reviewed journal, which is intended not only to promote the discussion of challenging economic and business issues at applied and policy levels but also to disseminate research information and knowledge in latest developments in business and economics. The main objective of IJEBS is to provide an intellectual platform for researchers, in which research in alternative paradigms for business and economic inquiry could be analysed and discussed. The journal provides opportunities for economists and business-related professionals in a global realm to publish their papers in one source. The International Journal of Economics and Business Studies is also intended to bring together academicians and profession...

International Journal of Economics and Business Studies (IJEBS) ISSN 0974-3456 is a peer-reviewed journal, which is intended not only to promote the discussion of challenging economic and business issues at applied and policy levels but also to disseminate research information and knowledge in latest developments in business and economics. The main objective of IJEBS is to provide an intellectual platform for researchers, in which research in alternative paradigms for business and economic inquiry could be analysed and discussed. The journal provides opportunities for economists and business-related professionals in a global realm to publish their papers in one source. The International Journal of Economics and Business Studies is also intended to bring together academicians and profession...

International Journal of Economics and Business Studies (IJEBS) ISSN 0974-3456 is a peer-reviewed journal, which is intended not only to promote the discussion of challenging economic and business issues at applied and policy levels but also to disseminate research information and knowledge in latest developments in business and economics. The main objective of IJEBS is to provide an intellectual platform for researchers, in which research in alternative paradigms for business and economic inquiry could be analysed and discussed. The journal provides opportunities for economists and business-related professionals in a global realm to publish their papers in one source. The International Journal of Economics and Business Studies is also intended to bring together academicians and profession...

This edited book is a compilation of research studies conducted in the areas of business, management and economics. These cutting-edge articles will be of interest to researchers, academics, and business managers.

In the field of antitrust, the freedoms to contract and compete can and do contradict. Profit-maximizing companies desire perfectly competitive input markets to minimize their costs, but want monopolistic markets for their outputs to maximize their profits. Consequently, they have strong incentives to undermine competition in their output markets. In a world without antitrust laws, many companies would thus eliminate competition by using their freedom to contract, either by entering into legally enforceable agreements which fix prices or divide up markets, or by merging and acquiring rivals to gain market control. Therefore, guaranteeing and safeguarding companies' abilities to compete comes at the cost of restricting their freedoms to contract. The states role in this task is a delicate o...

Economics demonstrates how markets can serve as remarkably efficient institutions in allocating scarce resources. At the same time, incomplete information generates prices that can lead to a mis-allocation, producing in some cases too little while in others too much of a good. Matters become more complicated when striking a balance is influenced by our perceptions of risk. Here, neuroscience provides insights into which, and what kind of public sector interventions one should consider. While there are many types of risk – political, economic, financial, and environmental as individuals confront any crisis, our perceptions of risk can alter significantly the extent to which we look to public sector intervention as a response. In the short run, crises many be managed through greater pu...

"Liberal order and software-agents" - long-established ideas and modern technology are bridged. The impulse for undertaking this effort comes from the observation that it becomes difficult for computer science alone to create order for and within machines. The growing complexity of computer systems, open networks like the Internet, and the increasingly social role of software entities push the traditional quest for total global control out of reach. Economic theory of social order offers extensive experience with such conditions, so that it can complement and guide research in computer science. It is shown that a common understanding between economics and computer science's sub-field of distributed artificial intelligence is possible on the level of software-agents. On this basis, four fun...

The principal question addressed is the extent to which American organizations source legal services they require in a manner consistent with transaction cost economics and agency theory. Transaction cost economics (TCE) is an interdisciplinary undertaking which joins economics with aspects of organizational theory and contract law. TCE views frequency, uncertainty and asset specificity (the extent to which assets have little utility or value except in the context of a particular transaction or relationship) as key variables in determining how a transaction will be structured. Agency theory focuses on identifying the most efficient contract form for a relationship taking into account certain assumptions of self-interest, bounded rationality, risk aversion ...

The Information Systems Department of the College of Economics and Political Science at Sultan Qaboos University organized an international conference on Information Systems (iiSC) in October 2011. The conference proceedings contain written versions of selected contributions presented during the conference. The conference theme was 'information systems for sustainable business development.' The conference provided a forum for discussion on current issues and challenges as well as recent and future developments across a wide range of areas in information systems including. - Trends in Information Systems - E-commerce and E-business Challenges - Knowledge Management and IS industrial applications - Trends in Web technologies - IS Security and Mobile Computing - E-Governmen...

This research paper is the culmination of three years as a Visiting Scholar at The Anderson School and reflects the author's theories based on his research, personal practical experience, principles of economics learned from the Austrian School of Economic Thought, and the writings, research and teachings of Philip Fisher, Benjamin Graham, Murray Rothbard, and Ludwig Von Mises.

Of what use is psychology if it does not help to solve the pressing problems of the day at the individual and collective levels? This is no less a pointed question to the reader as it is to the author that sets the stage for an adventurous sharing of ideas. The author shies away from providing ready-made answers but spares no effort in stirring the reader to ponder questions about human nature and behavior. Soon, the reader will react with the exclamation, “Ah, this book is about me, useful to my life!” In this way, the book serves to bridge the gap between academia and the general public. As the reader may well expect, bold assertions may be found throughout this volume. For instance, Piaget’s stage of formal operations does not represent the final or highest level of cognitive dev...

The prospect for democracy in Africa is the central concern of this study. The factors that contribute to the existence of undemocratic or autocratic governments in most of Africa, therefore, become our major focus for evaluation.An analysis of the pre-colonial, colonial and postcolonial political history of Africa attribute autocracy in Africa to irreconcilable differences between the African traditional institutions and the imposed colonial political and economic systems. This socioeconomic and political disharmony, orchestrated by the colonial economics of exploitation, set the tone for neocolonial African states fraught with economic and political instability.Our research strategy involved a qualitative technique of collecting and analyzing a significant body of data relating to the po...

This volume is addressed to scholars as well as a popular audience, aimed to bridge the gap between academia and the general public. It deals with "who we are," concerning our sense of self and identity; and "how we live," concerning our ways of life in diverse cultures. It affirms that we may transcend our cultural-ethnic roots and redefine our identities, individual or collective. Transcendence opens the door not only to personal transformation but also to confront ethnic stereotypes and prejudices. Readers will gain fresh cultural knowledge from both the East and the West and be attuned to the theme of letting no ethnic group be alien to us.This book is at once about the immersion of life in culture and the remaking of culture by human action--reciprocal influence at work. The idea of i...

This book provides a contemporary theoretical insight into the fashion and luxury industry, addressing potential gray areas within the literature. The authors analyze the luxury and fashion industry using multiple perspectives, allowing for a critical comprehensive overview of the phenomenon across diverse streams. The book provides insight into fashion and luxury retailing in the context of both online and brick and mortar retailers based on a variety of market scenarios. It deciphers the rationale of customer behavioral and decision making in online and offline luxury and fashion purchasing contexts. It provides an overview of the challenges that the industry faces with the advent of the evolving omni-channel environment.The multiple theoretical and practical nuances of the fashion and l...

This book captures the status of current electrical energy markets including the principal forces affecting decisions on selecting an energy source. It represents a seminal work that lays out the electrical energy decision tree for selecting an energy source in a world that is on the verge of catastrophic global warming because of the choices that have been made in the name of cheap energy. The impetus for this book includes the dire need to mitigate continued anthropogenic causes of global warming by turning to carbon free energy sources.Nuclear energy represents such a carbon-free energy source and could be a partial solution to the existential threat facing future society---the threat of a warming planet and its consequential, catastrophic effects on future generations. The world is at ...

Computational Finance, an exciting new cross-disciplinary research area, depends extensively on the tools and techniques of computer science, statistics, information systems and financial economics for educating the next generation of financial researchers, analysts, risk managers, and financial information technology professionals. This new discipline, sometimes also referred to as “Financial Engineering” or “Quantitative Finance” needs professionals with extensive skills both in finance and mathematics along with specialization in computer science. Soft-Computing in Capital Market hopes to fulfill the need of applications of this offshoot of the technology by providing a diverse collection of cross-disciplinary research. This edited volume covers most of the recent, advanced r...

What do Plato and the Bible tell us about bribery? Does it even matter? When it comes to ethical guidance on bribery should we look less to traditional wisdom and instead be seeking understanding and guidance primarily from modern sources? From economists with their talk of efficient markets, and from the critical theorists who focus on inequities in power relations? This book explores such questions in depth.Taking the form of a Platonic dialogue, the book contains a discussion of claims made for recognition of the positive aspects of bribery. This goes beyond the well-known "harmless" bribe - the facilitating or “grease” payment which encourages an official to speed up the performance of his or her existing duties, without additional favors. This type of baksheesh may be unattractive...

We have two choices. We can follow the delusion of "universal health care" or we can accept a market approach to health care. Putting patients in charge of their medical care is a market approach. It guarantees competence, at least. Universal health care is sickness care administered by politicians, bureaucrats, CEOs and other proven incompetents. None of these "medicrats" knows how medicine is practiced. All these administrators are driven by politics and economics. Excellence is destroyed in the initial stages of what is called "single payer" health care. The destruction of competence follows the destruction of excellence. Medicine was practiced. Medicine was a lifelong learning experience. Medicine was integrated. That was only yesterday. The present bureaucratized, fragmented and disi...

A biannual peer-reviewed journal, the International Journal of Economic and Political Integration (IJEPI) ISSN 0974-3510 is a forum for the exchange of ideas across the social science disciplines, e.g. political scientists debate with economists, sociologists read what political scientists have to say, historians study what economists have to say regarding political integration and economics.

The originality of this book rests in the application of the human security framework to analyze sexual and gender-based violence in conflict. The human security paradigm is concerned and centered on the individual's security threats holistically and is inclusive of both men and women in its agenda. The author argues that making a balanced narrative of sexual violence that includes both men and women as both victims and perpetrators could be a more effective means of preventing conflict-related sexual violence than when men are excluded. Another positive feature of the book rests in its analysis of the plights of victims and survivors of sexual violence during conflict and post-conflict situations. The author describes the devastating emotional and traumatic pain, the psychological agony,...

This dissertation will discuss the uncertainty encountered in the daily operations of businesses. The concepts will be developed by first giving an overview of probability and statistics as used in our everyday activities, such as the basic principles of probability, univariate and multivariate statistics, data clustering and mapping, as well as time sequence and spectral analysis. The examples used will be from the oil and gas exploration industry because the risks taken in this industry are normally quite large and are ideal for showing the application of the various techniques for minimizing risk. Subsequently, the discussion will deal with basic risk analysis, spatial and time variations of risk, geotechnical risk analysis, risk aversion and how it is affected by personal biases, an...

This book presents ten essays about environmental communication. Chapter one introduces the concept of environmental communication and the ways in which it was conceived, imagined, and developed as a form of interdisciplinary enquiry. Chapter two explores the concept of green communication and education for the sustainable development movement. Chapter three is concerned with one of the major underlying socio-cultural influences of the human/nature divide: that of anthropomorphic or anthropogenic reasoning. Chapter four takes an ecological view of economics and develops an argument for the place of economic intangibles in the modern political economy. Chapters five and six explore specialist aspects of environmental communication practices: Chapter five is concerned with the contexts of ps...

A biannual peer-reviewed journal, the International Journal of Economic and Political Integration (IJEPI) ISSN 0974-3510 is a forum for the exchange of ideas across the social science disciplines, e.g. political scientists debate with economists, sociologists read what political scientists have to say, historians study what economists have to say regarding political integration and economics.

The purpose of this research paper is to try to clarify and evaluate the major issues and arguments in the debate on Import Substitution Industrialization Strategy (ISI) between the neoclassical economists and the development economists. In particular, it will focus on some basic underlying models employed by the two schools of thought, rather than on specific policy recommendations given by either school. It will conclude that the critiques against ISI from the neoclassical economists are based on a static equilibrium model, which can not fully comprehend the dynamic relationship between growth and ISI at a macroeconomic level. This paper starts by examining the historical background and formative influences of ISI, then goes on to compare and contrast the structuralist rationales for IS...