Molecular Ecology & Evolution is a field of evolutionary biology, concerned with applying molecular population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and, more recently, “Omics” to traditional ecological questions. The main goal of the International Conference “Molecular Ecology & Evolution” is to review the state of the art and progress in the knowledge of molecular evolution, species diagnosis, conservation and assessment of biodiversity, species-area relationships, and behavioral ecology, to set research priorities for the next era of research. The program of Molecular Ecology & Evolution Conference combines plenary lectures and session talks, posters sessions, special sessions on career development, and tours of the beautiful city of Vienna. Approximately 250-300 participants are expected, including more than 35 speakers and many presentations, selected from abstracts.